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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2010-07-13 Board of Selectmen Handout - Part 2TOWN OF READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 11 IJ(_l011) ZUNF1;; II t 77~ ~ ,~~5'~ d! rX" ES ~.l It r ' La.• 1 ~ ~r- I rte, , r „•r Y~-C~ ~,ir^(yy~~~'rV'~_~g3i,.r~"d i~' HS ~,L .}~'F, ~ 7.9i f ~~''''(l~r ~ • SY ~ r F-\ I l Rood Zones Z~ A-NYfYw F11-4 Zc Z-AF- MY= flad z- °_cvH -doo - 300 U. .7HOd z- C ellilHflPt>L IY"~11 ♦HC~ P4hNNiNtI Cf111Nf. 11. Metropolitan Area Planning Council April 22, 2010 DRAFT for MEMA and FEMA Review READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 1. INTRODUCTION Planning Requirements under the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act The Federal,Disaster Mitigation Act, passed in 2000, requires that after November. 1 2004, all municipalities that wish to continue to be eligible to receive FEMA funding for hazard mitigation grants, must adopt a local multi-hazard mitigation plan. This planning requirement does not affect disaster assistance funding. Massachusetts has taken a regional approach and has encouraged the regional planning agencies to apply for grants to prepare plans for groups of their member communities. The Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) received a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Program, to assist the Town of Reading and 22 other communities develop their local Hazard Mitigation Plans. The local Hazard Mitigation Plans produced under this grant are designed to meet the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act for each community. What is Hazard Mitigation? Natural hazard mitigation planning is the process of figuring out how to reduce or eliminate the loss of life and property damage resulting from natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes. Hazard mitigation means to permanently reduce or alleviate the losses of life, injuries and property resulting from natural hazards through long-term strategies. These long-term strategies include planning, policy changes, programs, projects and other activities. READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN II. COMMUNITY PROFILE Overview The Town of Reading is a medium size community which lies at a transportation hub. With Interstate Route 93 along its western boundary and Interstate 95 along its southern and southeastern boundaries, not only Boston but the seashore, retail shopping mails and employment centers are easily accessible. This, accessibility plus the New England character of the town make Reading an ideal residential area. First settled in 1639, the town was incorporated in 1644. Under the guidance of a citizen volunteer committee, Reading is looking forward to celebrating its 350th anniversary in 1994: This committee is only one of many volunteer boards, committees and commissions that assist an elected board of selectmen and a representative town meeting in governing the town. The town manager is responsible for day-to-day operations of the local government. (Narrative based on information provided by the Massachusetts Historical Commission and is taken from the Community Profile on the website maintained by the Department of Housing and Community Development). The Town is governed by a Board of Selectmen and a Town Manager. The town operates under the representative town meeting format. The 2000 population was 23,708 people and there were 8,823 housing units. The town maintains a website at http://www.ci.reading.ma.us/ Existing Land Use The most recent land use statistics available from the state are based on aerial photography done in 1999. Table 1 shows the acreage and percentage of land in 21 categories. If the four residential categories are aggregated, residential uses make up 46 % of the area of the town. The next highest percentage is forest at 36% of the total land area. READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 1 1999 Land Use in Reading Land Use Type Acres % Cropland 6.37 0.10 Pasture 22.90 0.36 Forest 2,314.45 .36.26 Non-forested wetlands 275.8 4.32 Mining ' 6.17 0.10 Open land 101.65 1.59 Participatory recreation 174.33 2.73 Spectator recreation 0.00 0.00 Water recreation 1.24 0.02 Multi-family residential 53.76 0.84 High density residential .(less than '/4 acre lots) 0.00 0.00 Medium density residential ('/4 ='/Z acre lots) 2,430.43 38.08 Low density residential (larger than'/2 acre lot) 451.88 7.08 Salt water wetlands 0.00 0.00 Commercial 17.4.97 2.74 Industrial 76.19 1.19 Urban open 148.55 2.33 Transportation 128.34 2.01 Waste disposal 3.72 0.06 Water 0.00. 0.00 Woody perennials 11.41 0.18 Total 6,382.16 For more information on how the land use statistics were developed and the definitions of the categories, please go to http://www.mass.gov/mais/lus.htm. Potential Future Land Uses MAPC consulted with town staff to determine areas that were likely to be developed in the future. These areas are shown on Map 2, "Potential Development" and are described below. The letters in parentheses refer to the letters on Map 2. Stop and ShopJAl - This is a redevelopment project that is taking place in an old building. It is currently under construction. The old building was demolished and a new one built. It has been occupied for several months. The old parking lot used to flood because the detention pond was too small and the catch basins surcharged. They have installed large underground detention systems for the new parking lot. They also filled a small floodplain and provided a compensatory area. 4 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN New Restaurants (B) - This lot has been subdivided into three parcels. The office building will remain. The second building will remain. A Longhorn Steakhouse and a Bertucci's are under construction on the third parcel. On the second lot, another building was demolished and a new parking lot with an on-site infiltration system was installed. This building is now occupied by Hallmark Health. The restaurants also have new on- site infiltration. Archstone (C) - This project has already been constructed. It is 204 rental units with a clubhouse and pool. It was developed under Chapter 40B. Johnson Woods (D) - So far, 166 condo units have been approved and about half have been constructed under the PRD zoning. The project includes some affordable units and a full stormwater management system. There is additional land for which plans have not been received. Abutting land in Woburn between the town boundary and I-93 is under construction and partly occupied with over 400 units, mostly rental apartments, but one condo building. Access is only from West Street at the Reading/Wilmington line, and Reading has an understanding with Woburn about emergency response. In the future, it may be connected to the Johnson Woods roads. 80-100 Main Street ( Atlantic Tambone) (El - This is an approved redevelopment project. Three existing buildings would be torn down and consolidated into one new one. A restaurant will probably be the anchor for the development. The development will include an on-site stormwater management system including a detention basin to alleviate flooding of abutting residential lots on Haystack and Milepost Roads. Addison - Wesley (F) - The Department of Housing and Community Development is reviewing a pending application for a Smart Growth District.. The Community Planning and Development Commission is holding a public hearing on the proposed zoning changes for town houses, apartments, and an office building. Zoning changes will then be considered December 10 at a Special Town Meeting. The final design must meet DEP' Stormwater Management Policy. Kylie Drive (G) - This is an eight lot subdivision. No buildings have been constructed yet but the new road has been constructed. Lot releases are pending. The development includes stormwater management systems that meet DEPs•policy. Beniamin Lane (H) - This will be a four lot subdivision. Trees have been cleared from the property. The utilities and roadways are under construction. The development includes stormwater management systems that meet DEPs policy. . Peter Sanborn Place Assisted Living (I) - This facility will be expanding. Plans have not yet been submitted for review. The project will be built under Chapter 40B. Maplewood Village (J) - This project consists of 36 new condos on Salem Street (Route 129) next to the Registry of Motor Vehicles, opposite Libby Avenue. This project has been completed and is occupied. It was developed under Chapter 40B as a Local READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Initiative Project. The development includes stormwater management systems that meet DEP policy. The developers filled a floodplain and provided compensatory storage. Pleasant Street (K) - The Housing Authority is applying for permits for a 4 unit building next to the Senior Center at #49 Pleasant Street. This building will share a parking lot and will include drainage improvements. Sailor Tom subdivision (L) - This is a 3 lot subdivision at 175 Franklin Street abutting the west side of the Home Goods lot. The project includes stormwater management systems that meet DEP policy. The project is under a limit for impervious cover as per the Aquifer Protection District. Camp Curtis Guild (M) - The National Guard recently decommissioned two firing ranges and is constructing a large vehicle maintenance facility. Most of the work is in Lynnfield but access and utilities are in Reading. I-93/I-95 Interchange (N) - Mass Highway just filed an ENF for reconstruction of the interchange. This is the busiest interchange in the state and has a high accident rate including trucks with hazardous cargo. The proposed designs will have significant wetlands impact and will require significant stormwater management improvements. 8 Walkers Brook Drive (O) - The town recently received a proposal to demolish an existing gas station and build a bank. The fuel tanks have already been removed. The site is close to Walkers Brook and will require a wetlands permit and stormwater management system. 88 and 98 Walkers Brook (P) - This is a redevelopment project that. is in the permit review process. The site will be used for an auto dealership and service center. One of the two buildings will be demolished and the parking lot will be completely reconstructed. Part of the site is the former town landfill and will need to be capped per DEP regulations. There have been several hazardous waste releases that were identified and cleaned up. The development will provide drainage system improvements but cannot fully meet the DEP policy standards due to a high water table, landfill materials, the fact that it abuts Mass Highway land and other constraints. 281,287 and 306 Main Street (Q) - These are all commercial sites where the previous uses have been abandoned. All have significant hazardous waste contamination and are in the middle of 21E analysis and cleanup processes. These sites are likely to be redeveloped for commercial uses after cleanup. All of the sites abut Walkers Brook and have wetlands so they will be subject to permits for the cleanup and for future redevelopment. These sites are within the low area on Main Street that has been identified as flood hazard area #5. Meadow Brook Golf Club (R) - This golf course is located at the north end of Grove Street. There are currently no plans to change the use of this area and the club has recently installed new irrigation systems, updated the pool house, and made other 6 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN improvements. However, this is the largest tract of remaining open land in Reading, is very close to the town wells, includes endangered species habitat, and has much upland with good development, potential. A significant part ofthe'land is also in the floodplain west of Grove Street and the Ipswich River floodplain north of the golf course. 40P, District (S) - The town has voted to establish a 40R zoning district in this location. 7 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN III. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Public participation occurred at two levels; the Metro Boston North/West Multiple Hazard Community Planning Team (regional committee) and the Reading Multiple Hazard Community Planning Team (local committee). In addition, the town held one meeting open to the general public to present the plan and hear citizen input. Reading's Participation in the Regional Committee On July 7, 2006, a letter was sent notifying the communities of the first meeting of the Metro Boston North/West Regional Committee and requesting that the Chief Elected Official designate two municipal employees and/or officials to represent the community. The following individual was appointed to represent Reading on the regional committee: George Zambouras Town Engineer The Metro Boston North/West Regional Committee met on the following dates: July 26, 2006 March 28, 2007 November 1, 2007 June 26, 2008 . The Local Multiple Hazard Community Planning Team In addition to the regional committee meetings, MAPC worked with the local community representatives to organize a local committee for Reading. MAPC briefed the local representatives as to the desired composition of that team as well as the need for representation from the business community and citizens at large. The Local Committee Meetings On November 7, 2007 MAPC conducted the first meeting of the Reading Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Team. The meeting was organized by Carol Kowalski, Planning Director. The purpose of this meeting was to review existing and potential mitigation measures, evaluate and prioritize those measures and develop hazard mitigation goals. Table 2 lists the attendees at each meeting of the team. The agendas for these meetings are included in Appendix A. Other local meetings are noted in Table 3. READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 2 Attendance at the Reading Local Committee Meetings Name Representing November 7, 2007 Fran Fink Conservation Commission James Cormier Police Department Greg Burns Fire Department Carol Kowalski Planning George Zambouras Town Engineer Larry Ramdin Health Department Ted McIntire DPW Director Peter I. Heckenbleikner Town Manager Table 3 Other Local Meetings Date Participants Purpose 9/28/06 George Zambouras, Paul Jackson Data collection 3/20/07 George Zambouras, Fran Fink Data collection 7/26/07 Carol Kowalski Project briefing 12/6/07 Fran Fink Review the ortho 3/31/08 Fran Fink, Carol Kowalski, George Zambouras Review the ortho and discuss potential mitigation measures. The Public Meeting - The plan was introduced to the public at a meeting of the Board of Selectmen on August 5, 2008. The meeting was held in the Reading Town Hall. The meeting was publicized as a regular Selectmen's meeting in the local newspaper and posted in Town Hall. There were several members of the public in attendance during the portion of the meeting at which the plan was discussed but there were no questions or issues raised. Copies of an outline of the presentation were left for any members of the public who wished to take one. Following the meeting, the draft plan was posted on the Town's website and a press release was issued to inform, residents of a 30 day review period (from August 5 - September 5) to comment on the plan. A copy of the press release is included in Appendix D. Following the public meeting, on September 3, the Town Engineer received an e-mail from a resident of Glenmere Circle informing the town of flooding issues on his property. Table 4 Attendance at the An Representing Name Board of Selectmen Ben Tafoya, Vice Chairman James Bonazoli, Secretary Camille Anthone Town Peter I. Heckenbleikner 10 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN IV. OVERVIEW OF HAZARDS AND VULNERABILITY Overview of Hazards and Impacts The Massachusetts Hazard Mitigation Plan 2007 (state plan) provides an in-depth overview of natural hazards in Massachusetts. The state plan indicates that Massachusetts is subject to the following natural hazards (listed in order of frequency); floods, heavy rainstorms, nor'easters, coastal erosion, hurricanes, tornadoes, urban and wildfires, drought and earthquakes. These risks were reviewed with the Local Committee at its first meeting. No additional hazards were identified and local officials concurred that flooding was the primary hazard facing the town. Table 5 summarizes the federally declared disasters and emergencies since 1991 in the region. Table 5 Disaster and Emergency Declarations for Middlesex County ID Number Type Date 1701 Severe Storms and Inland and Coastal Flooding April 2007 1642 Severe storms, flooding May 2006 1614 Severe storms, flooding October 2005 _ 3252 Hurricane (Katrina) August 2005 3201 Snow January 2005 1512 Flooding April 2004 3191 Snowstorm December 2003 3175 Snowstorm February 2003 3165 Blizzard March 2001 1364 Severe storms, flooding March 2001 1224 Heavy rain, flooding June 1998 1142 Severe storms, flooding October 1996 1090 Blizzard January 1996 3103 Blizzard March 1993 920 Severe Coastal Storm October 1991 914 Hurricane (Bob) August 1991 Sources: www1ema.gov and State Hazard Mitigation Plan, MEMA and DCR, October 2007. Table 6 summarizes the hazard risks for Reading by hazard type. This evaluation takes into account theTrequency of the hazard, historical records and variations in land use. This analysis uses the same vulnerability assessment methodology used in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts State Hazard Mitigation Plan, October 2007. 11 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 6 Hazard Risks Hazard Frequency Severity Flooding High Serious Winter storms High Serious Hurricanes Medium Serious e Earthquakes Low Catastrophic Tornadoes Low Extensive Landslides Low Minor Brush fires Low Minor Dam failures NA NA Definitions used in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts State Hazard Mitigation Plan Frequency Very low frequency: events that occur less frequently than once in 1,000 years (less than 0.1% per year) Low frequency: events that occur from once in 100 years to once in 1,000 years (0.1% to 1% per year); Medium frequency: events that occur from once in 10 years to once in 100 years (1% to 10% per year); High frequency: events that occur more frequently than once in 10 years (greater than 10% per year). Severity Minor: Limited and scattered property damage; no damage to public infrastructure (roads, bridges, trains, airports, public parks, etc.); contained geographic area (i.e.one or two communities); essential services (utilities, hospitals, schools, etc) not interrupted; no injuries or fatalities. Serious: Scattered major property damage (more than 50% destroyed); some minor infrastructure damage; wider geographic area (several communities); essential services are briefly interrupted; some injuries and/or fatalities. Extensive: Consistent major property damage; major damage public infrastructure damage (up to several days for repairs); essential services are interrupted from several hours to several days; many injuries and fatalities. Catastrophic: Property and public infrastructure destroyed; essential services stopped, thousands of injuries and fatalities. 12 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Flood Hazards Flooding was the most prevalent natural hazard identified by the State Hazard Mitigation Plan as well as. local officials in Reading. Flooding can occur during hurricanes, nor'easters, severe rainstorms and thunderstorms. Regionally Significant Storms There have been a number of major rain storms that have resulted in significant flooding in northeastern Massachusetts over the last fifty years. Significant storms include: August 1954 March 1968 January 1979 April 1987 October 1991 ("The Perfect Storm") October 1996 June 1998 March 2001 April 2004 May 2006 April 2007 Wind-related hazards Wind-related hazards include hurricanes and tornadoes as well as high winds during severe rainstorms and thunderstorms. As with many communities, falling trees that result in downed power lines and power outages are an issue in Reading. Between 1858 and 2000, Massachusetts has experienced approximately 32 tropical storms, nine Category 1 hurricanes, five Category'2 hurricanes and one Category 3, hurricane. This equates to a frequency of once every six years. There was a tropical storm that tracked through Reading in 1861. A hurricane or storm track is the line that delineates the path of the eye of a hurricane or tropical storm. However, the town does experience the impacts of the wind and rain of hurricanes and tropical storms regardless of whether the storm track passed through the town. The hazard mapping indicates that the 100 year wind speed is 110 miles per hour. There have been no tornadoes recorded within the Town limits. Winter Storms In Massachusetts, northeast coastal storms known as nor'easters occur 1-2 times per year. Winter storms are a combination hazard because they often involve wind and high snow fall. The average annual snowfall for the town is 48.1- 72.0 inches. 13 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Fire Related Hazards The Reading Fire Department responds to approximately 26 brush fires annually. None of these have been major in terms of property damage and none have resulted in any deaths. Most brush fires are accidentally caused. Geologic Hazards Most town officials admitted that earthquakes-were the hazard for which their community was least prepared. Although new construction under the most recent "building codes generally will be built to seismic standards, there are still many structures which pre-date the most recent building code. Regional Overview According to the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, New England experiences an average of five earthquakes per year. From 1627 to 1989, 316 earthquakes were recorded in Massachusetts. Most have originated. from the La Malbaie fault in Quebec or from the Capp Anne fault located off the coast of Rockport. The region has experienced larger earthquakes, of magnitude 6.0 to 6.5 in 1727 and 1755. Other notable earthquakes occurred here in 1638 and 1663. (Tufts). There have been no recorded earthquake epicenters within Reading although there is one just over the border in Stoneham. Earthquake Impacts - Earthquakes are a hazard with multiple impacts beyond the obvious building collapse. Buildings may suffer structural damage which may or may not be readily apparent. Earthquakes can cause major damage to roadways, making emergency response difficult. Water lines and gas lines can break, causing flooding and fires. Another potential vulnerability is equipment within structures. For example, a hospital may be structurally engineered to withstand an earthquake, but if the equipment inside the building is not properly secured, the operations at the hospital could be severely impacted during an earthquake. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides. Landslideg, The entire town has been classified as having a low risk for landslides. There have been no recorded landslides in Reading. Critical Infrastructure in Hazard Areas Critical infrastructure includes facilities that are important for disaster response and evacuation (such as emergency operations centers, fire stations, hospitals, etc.) and facilities where additional assistance might be needed during an emergency (such as nursing homes, elderly housing, day care centers, etc.). It also includes facilities that might pose a particular danger during a natural disaster such as a sewage treatment plant 14 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN or chemical facility. These facilities are listed in Table 7 and are shown on all of the maps in Appendix B. . The purpose of mapping the natural hazards ,and critical infrastructure is to present an overview of hazards in the community and how they relate to critical infrastructure. Flooding-There are seven critical facilities sites that fall within a locally identified area of flooding. The majority of these (5) are within the Track Road area. There are also seven sites that fall within mapped FEMA flood zones. Landslides- The entire town is considered to have a- low risk for landslides and therefore, all critical infrastructures sites fall within this hazard category. Earthquakes - All areas of the town have a low risk for earthquakes. Explanation of Columns in Table 7. Column 1: ID A The first column in Table 6 is an ID number which appears on the maps that are part of this plan. See Appendix B. Column 2: Site Name: The second column is the name of the site. If no name appears in this column, this information was not provided to MAPC by the community. Column 3: Site Type: The third column indicates what type of site it is. Column 4: Landslide Risk: The fourth column indicates the degree of landslide risk for that site. This information came from NESEC. The landslide information shows areas with either a low susceptibility or a moderate susceptibility to landslides based on mapping of geological formations. This mapping is highly general in nature. Fot more information on how landslide susceptibility was mapped, refer to http://pubs. usgs.gov/pp/P1183/pp'1183.html. Column 5: FEMA Flood Zone: The fifth column addresses the risk of flooding. A "No" entry in this column means that the site is not within any of the mapped risk zones on-the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM maps). If there is an entry in this column, it indicates the type of flood zone as follows: Column 6: Locally Identified Areas of Flooding: The locally identified areas of flooding were identified by town staff as areas where flooding occurs. These areas do not necessarily coincide with the flood zones from the FIRM maps. They may be areas that flood due to inadequate drainage systems or other local conditions rather than location within a flood zone. The numbers correspond to the numbers on Map 8, "Hazard Areas". Column 7: Average annual snowfall: The snowfall mapping indicates that there are two bands of snowfall in southeastern Massachusetts. An entry of "high" indicates an annual average of 48.1 - 72 inches of snow. An entry of "low" indicates a range of 36-48 inches. 15 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 7 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas ID NAME TYPE Within Locally Identified Area of Flooding Within FEMA Flood Zone 1 Reading Baptist Day School Daycare No No 2 Christian Cooperative Preschool Daycare No No 3 Humpty Dumpty School Daycare No No 4 Sandra Lane Nursery School Daycare No No 5 Sawyer Nursery School Daycare No No 6 Reading Extended-Day Activities Program Daycare No No 7 Little Treasure School House Daycare No No 8 Burbank YMCA Preschool Program Daycare No No 9 Perry, Linda Daycare No No 10 Van Horn, Susan L. Daycare No No 11 Becker, Mary Ellen Daycare No No 12 Blake, Gayle K. Daycare . No No 13 Bouchard, Jeanne F. Daycare Track Road at Line Road No 14 Gingras, Linda H. Daycare No No 15 Melanson, Barbara Daycare No No 16 Reading Extended Day at Killam School Daycare No No 17 Reading Extended Day at Joshua Eaton Daycare No No 18 Kariger, Diane L. Daycare No No 19 Tinney, Suzann M. Daycare No No 20 ' Callahan, Louise M. Daycare No No 21 Tucker, Susan Daycare No No 22 Driscoll, Catherine H. Daycare No No 23 Miller, Joan Daycare. No No 24 Zaccardo, Patricia Daycare No No 16 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 7 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas ED NAME TYPE Within Locally Identified Area of Flooding Within FEMA Flood Zone 25 Thayer, Debra Daycare No No 26 Gard-Bruce, Anna P. Daycare No No 27 Pustorino, Concetta Daycare No No 28 Brown, Krystal Gayle Daycare No No 29 Melanson, Patricia Daycare No No 30 . Evangelista, Alison Daycare No No 31 Reynolds, Dawn Daycare No No 32 Lievenbruck, Nadine Daycare No No 33 McWeeney, Kathryn Daycare . No No 34 Bartalini, Rockell M. Daycare No No 35 Whelan, Katherine M. Daycare No No 36 Giuliotti, Virginia Daycare No No 37 Doucette, Shirley Daycare No No 38 Austin Prepatory School School No No 39 Alice M Barrows School No No 40 Walter S Parker Middle School No No 41 Joshua Eaton School No No 42 J Warren Killam School School No No 43 Birch Meadow Elementary School School No No 44 Reading Police Department EOC No No .45. Reading Town Hall Town Hall No No 46 Reading Fire Department Fire No No 47 Reading Fire Department Fire No No 48 Reading Police Department Police No No 17 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 7 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas ID NAME TYPE Within Locally Identified Area of Flooding Within FEMA Flood Zone 49 Wood End Elementary School School No No 50 DPW Garage DPW Garage No No 51 Louanis Water Treatment Plant Water Treatment Plant Water Treatment Plant No 52 Reading Municipal Light substation Power Substation No No 53 Arthur W Coolidge. Middle School School No No 54 - Reading Memorial High School School No No 55 Reading Senior Center Senior Center No No 56 Camp Curtis Guild, MA Hazardous Materials Site No ANI 57 Hodson Oil Hazardous Materials Site No No- 58 Mass Highway Dept Facility Hazardous Materials Site No No 59 New England Tel & Tel Company Hazardous Materials Site No No 60 DPW Garage Hazardous Materials Site No No- 61 Cumberland Farms (Mobil gas station) Hazardous Materials Site Track Road at Line Road No 62 Louanis Water Treatment Plant Hazardous Materials Site Water Treatment Plant No 63 Cumberland/Exxon (gas station) Hazardous Materials Site No No 64 Main St Petroleum, LLC (Mobil) Hazardous Materials Site No No 65 Reading Petroleum (gas station) Hazardous Materials Site No No 66 Reading Car Care Center (gas station) Hazardous Materials Site No No 67 Reading Square Shell (Gas Station) Hazardous Materials Site No No 68 Reading Service Inc. Mobil on the Run Hazardous Materials Site No No 69 Main Street Sunoco Hazardous Materials Site No No 70 East Coast Gas Hazardous Materials Site No No 71 Motiva Enterprises (Texaco gas station) Hazardous Materials Site No X500 72 West Street Mobil (Gas Station) Hazardous Materials Site No_ No 18 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 7 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas ED NAME TYPE Within Locally Identified Area of Flooding Within FEMA Flood Zone 73 Amico, Tonya Marie Daycare No No 74 Clock Tower Kids Daycare No No 75 Coffill, Patricia Daycare No No 76 Cunningham, Dawn Daycare No No 77 Dillaway, Ann A. Daycare No No 78 Ellington, Holly Daycare No No 79 Gaunci,. Anne Marie Daycare No No 80 Malcolm, Loretta Daycare No No 81 Yang, Yi Fang Daycare No No 82 Nichols, Kristina Daycare No No 83 Cedar Glen Elderly Housing No No 84 Peter Sanborn Place Elderly Housing No No 85 Reading Housing Authority Elderly Housing No No 86 Longwood Place Elderly Housing No No 87 Sawtelle Family Hospice House. Nursing Home No No 88 Daniels House Nursing Home Nursing Home No No 89 Wingate at Reading - Nursing Home No X500 90 EKS 2 Corporation Shell Station Hazardous Materials Site No No 91 Auburn Street Water Tank Water Tank No No 92 Bear Hill Stand Pipe Water Tank No No 93 Batchelder Road Sewer Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No 'No 94 Charles Street Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 95 Haverill Sewer Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No X500 96 Collins Avenue Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 19 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN . Table 7 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas ID NAME TYPE Within Locally Identified. Area of Flooding Within FEMA Flood Zone 97 Joseph Way Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 98 Strout Avenue Sewer Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 99 Grove Street Sewer Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 100 Brewer Lane Sewer pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 101 Small Lane Sewer Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 102 " West Street Sewer Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 103 Longwood Road Sewer Pumping Station Sewer Pump Station No No 104 Lothrop Road Water Booster Station Water Booster Station No No 105 Sturgis Park Sewer Pumping Station. Sewer Pump Station No No 106 Revay Well PWS No No 107 Reading Well # 13 PWS No No 108 Reading Well # 15 PWS No No 109 Reading Well # 2 PWS No No _ 110 Reading Well # 3 PWS No No 111 Reading B-Line Well PWS No No 112 Reading 66-8 Well PWS No No 113 Reading Town Forest Well PWS No No 114. Reading Well # 82-20 _ PWS No No 118 193 over West Street Bridge Bridge No No 119 Apache Pass Mass Highway DPW Facility DPW No No 120 195 over Rte 28 Bridge Bridge No No 121 Track Road Bridge #I Bridge Track Road at Line Road AE 122 Track Road Bridge #2 Bridge Track Road at Line Road AE 123 Track Road Bridge #3 Bridge Track Road at Line Road AE 20 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 7 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas ID NAME TYPE Within Locally Identified Area of Flooding Within FENIA Flood Zone 124 Mineral Street Bridge Bridge No No 125 129 RailRoad Bridge Bridge No No 126 Reading Internal Medicine Offices Medical No No MWRA Summer Avenue Sewer Pumping 127 Station Sewer Pump Station No No 128 Hallmark Health Building Medical No No 129 Reading Municipal Light Department Municipal No No 130 RCTV Inc Studio Broadcast No No 21 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN HAZUS -NM Results Introduction to HAZUS -NM HAZUS- MH (multiple-hazards) is a computer program developed by FEMA to estimate losses due to a variety of natural hazards. The following overview of HAZUS-MH is taken from the. FEMA website. For more information on the HAZUS-MH software, go to http://www.fdma.gov/ Ip an/prevent/hazus/index.shtm. "HAZUS-MH is a nationally applicable standardized methodology and software program that contains models for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, and hurricane winds. HAZUS-MH was developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under contract with the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS). Loss estimates produced by HAZUS-MH are based on current scientific and engineering knowledge of the effects of hurricane winds, floods and earthquakes. Estimating losses is essential to decision-making at all levels of government, providing a basis for developing and evaluating mitigation plans and policies as well as emergency preparedness, response and recovery planning.. HAZUS-MH uses state-of-the-art geographic information system (GIS) software to map and display hazard data and the results of damage and economic loss estimates for buildings and infrastructure. It also allows users to estimate the impacts of hurricane winds, floods and earthquakes on populations." There are three modules included with the HAZUS-MH software: hurricane wind, flooding, and earthquakes. There are also three levels at which HAZUS-MH can be run. Level 1 uses national baseline data and is the quickest way to begin the risk assessment process. The analysis that follows was completed using Level 1 data. Level 1 relies upon default data on building types, utilities, transportation, etc. from national databases as well as census data. While the databases include a wealth of information on the nine communities that are a part of this study, it does not capture all relevant information. In fact, the HAZUS training manual notes that the default data is "subject to a great deal of uncertainty." However, for the purposes of this plan, the analysis is useful. This plan is attempting to only generally indicate the possible extent of damages due to certain types of natural disasters and to allow for a comparison between different types of disasters. Therefore, this analysis should be. considered to be a starting point for understanding potential damages from the hazards. If interested, communities can build a more accurate database and further test disaster scenarios. 22 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN HAZUS-MH Results for Hurricanes According to the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, between 1858 and 2000,. there were 15 hurricanes. 60% were Category 1, 33% were Category 2 and 7% were Category 3. For the purposes of this plan, a Category 2 and a Category 4 storm was chosen to illustrate damages. The reason is to present more of a "worst case scenario" that would help planners and emergency personnel evaluate the impacts of storms that might be more likely in the future, as we enter into a period of more intense and frequent storms. Table 8 Estimated Damages from Hurricanes Category 2 Category 4 Building Characteristics Estimated total number of buildings 7,178 7,178 Estimated total building replacement value . (Year 2002 (Millions of Dollars) $1,593 $1,593 Building Damages # ,of buildings sustaining minor damage 1,601 331 # of buildings sustaining moderate damage 337 1,092 # of buildings sustaining severe damage 25 1,942 # of buildings destroyed 20 3,777 Population Needs # of households. displaced 64 7,407 # of people seeking public shelter 13 1,463 .Debris . Building debris generated (tons) 5,788 193,839 Tree debris generated (tons) 58,523 _ 95,474 # of truckloads to clear building debris 234 7,778 Value of Damages Thousands of dollars Total property damage $39,907.35 $1,686,234,13 Total losses due to business interruption $4,342.54 $195,653.77 No Category 4 or 5 hurricanes have been recorded in New England. However, a Category 4 hurricane was included to help the communities understand the impacts of a hurricane beyond what has historically occurred in New England. 23 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN HAZUS-M111 Results for Earthquakes The HAZUS earthquake module allows users to define a number of different types of earthquakes and to input a number of different parameters. The module is more useful where there is a great deal of data available on earthquakes. In New England, defining the parameters of a potential earthquake is much more difficult because there is little historical data. The earthquake module does offer the user the opportunity to select a number of historical earthquakes that occurred in Massachusetts. For the purposes of this plan two earthquakes were selected: a 1963 earthquake with a magnitude of 5.0 and an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0. Table 9 Estimated Damages from Earthquakes Magnitude 5.0 Magnitude 7.0 Building Characteristics Estimated total number of buildings 7,178 7,178 Estimated total building replacement value (Year 2002 $)(Millions of dollars) $1,593 $1,593 Building Damages # of buildings sustaining slight damage 48 2,429 # of buildings sustaining moderate damage 7 1,364 # of buildings sustaining extensive damage 1 308 # of buildings completely damaged 0 71 Population Needs # of households displaced 0 336 # of people seeking public shelter 0 68 Debris Building debris generated (tons) NA NA # of truckloads to clear building debris NA NA Value of Damages Millions of dollars Total property damage $3.18 $163.51 Total losses due to business interruption $0.08 $18.09 24 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Vulnerability Assessment for Flooding MAPC did not use HAZUS-MH to estimate flood damages in Reading. In addition to technical difficulties with the software, the riverine module is not a reliable indicator of flooding in areas where inadequate drainage systems contribute to flooding even when those structures are not within a mapped flood zone. In Reading, much of the flooding is due to deficiencies in the drainage system. In lieu of using HAZUS, MAPC developed a methodology to give a rough approximation of flood damages. Reading is 9.97 square miles or 6,382 acres. Approximately 163 acres have been identified by local officials as areas of flooding. This amounts to 2.5% of the land area in Reading. The number of structures in each flood area was estimated by applying the percentage of the total land area to the number of structures (7,178) in Reading; the same number of structures used by HAZUS for the hurricane and earthquake calculations. HAZUS uses a value of $221,789 per structure for the building replacement value. This was used to calculate the total building replacement value in each of the flood areas. The calculations were done for a low estimate of 10% building damages and a high estimate of 50%o as suggested in the FEMA September 2002 publication, "State and Local Mitigation Planning how=to guides". (Page 4-13). The range of estimates for flood damages is $8,294,909 - $41,474,543. These calculations are not based on location within the floodplain or a particular type of storm (i.e. 100 year flood). 25 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 10 Estimated Damages from Flooding ID Flood Hazard Area Approximate Area in cres % of Total Land Area Approximate # of Structures Replacement Value . Low Estimate of Damages High Estimate of Damages 1 Sunnyside and Fairview 2.36 0.04 3 $665,367 $66,537 $332,684 2 New Crossing@ DPW Garage 7.12 0.11 8 $1,774,312 $177,431 $887,156 3 Track Road at Line Road 16.31 0.26 19 $4,213,991 $421,399 $2,106,996 4 South Main Street 17.12 0.27 20 $4,435,780 $443,578 .$2,217,890 5 Brook and Ash Streets 4.62 0.07 6 $1,330,734 $133,073 $665,367 6 Morgan Park 9.94 0.16 12 $2,661,468 $266,147 $1,330,734 " 7 150 West St, Keith-Glenmere-Garrett Area 33.94 0.53 39 $8,649,771 $864,977 $4,324,886 8 Lowell Street at Intervale 1.54 0.02 2 $443,578 $44,358 $221,789 9 Willow Street/Austin Prep 1.94 0.03 3 $665,367 $66,537 $332,684 10 Main Street 30.04 0.47 34 $7,540,826 $754,083 $3,770,413 11 Milepost at Haystack 12.32 0.19 14 $3,105,046 $310,505 $1,552,523 .12 Pine Ridge/Cherry Hill 3.37 0.05 4 $887,156 $88,716 $443,578 13 Haverhill Street at the Town Line 3.83 0.06 5 $1,108,945 .$110,895 $554,473 14 Water Treatment Plant 8.59 0.13 10 $2,217,890 $221,789 $1,108,945 15 Hopkins Street 2.97 0.05 4 $887,156 $88,716 $443,578 16 Hunt Park 6.92 0.11 8 $1,774,312 $177,431 $887,156 TOTAL 162.93 2.55 183 $40,587,387 $4,058,739 $20,293,694 $8,294,909 $41,474,543_ 26 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Future Development in Hazard Areas - As indicated in Table 11, some potential development and redevelopment sites are partially within flood zones. Table 11 Relationship of Potential Development Parcels to Hazard Areas Parcel. Landslide risk Flood zone Stop & Shop Low 92% within flood zone New restaurants Low 51% within flood zone Archstone Low Not within flood zone Johnson Woods Low Not within flood zone Tambonis Low Not within flood zone' Addison Wesley Low Not within flood zone Kiley Drive Low Not within flood zone Benjamin Lane Low Not within flood zone Peter Sanborn Place Low 8% within flood zone Maplewood Village Low 45% within flood zone Pleasant Street Low Not within flood zone Sailor Tom Low Not within flood zone Camp Curtis Guild Low Not within flood zone I-93/195 Interchange Low Not within flood zone 8 Walkers Brook Drive Low 72% within flood zone 88-98 Walkers Brook Drive Low 9% within flood zone 281-287 & 306 Main Street Low 100% within flood zone Meadow Brook Golf Club Low 41 % within flood zone 40R Low Not within flood zone 27 METRO BOSTON NORTHWEST MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN THE READING ANNEX V. HAZARDS AND EXISTING MITIGATION MEASURES Flood-Related Hazards Overview of Drainage Issues Reading is divided by topography into three watersheds. Tributary streams that arise in these watersheds flow to the Aberjona, the Saugus and the Ipswich Rivers. The streams are associated with large swamps and marshes that play a significant role in flood storage and control. Flooding from the Ipswich River and its major tributary, Bare Meadow Brook, does not affect many structures because the Town has preserved most of the floodplains as open space. Because most of the development in Reading has been constructed above the floodplains, Reading does not have many serious flooding problems. However, there are areas where flooding occurs during major storms, causing damage to buildings and roadways. Some of the flooding problems may be exacerbated by historical filling of floodplains and routing of streams through culverts in older parts of town. Subdivisions, commercial development, and other large projects permitted in the last 25 years generally includes stormwater management systems designed to detain runoff and thus control downstream flooding. Flood hazard areas tend to be small in scale and clustered in the southern part of town. Conservation Commission Issues According to the conservation agent, the town's wetlands regulations are adequate to protect wetlands and no further regulations are needed. at this time. The most recent amendments to the regulations were passed by Town Meeting in 2001. The long term maintenance of stormwater management systems is a concern because the storage capacity of these systems decreases when they are not maintained. On privately owned wetlands, the most common types of violations tend to be filling, brush and trash dumping, poor erosion controls during construction, paving without permits, hazardous materials releases and cutting trees without permits. On publicly owned lands the violations are primarily brush dumping and the use of all terrain vehicles. The conservation department has no staff or budget for maintenance. There are two potential mitigation measures that should be considered for stormwater management. These are to retrofit neighborhoods with underground storage and to encourage or mandate rooftop infiltration. Areas of Flooding Information on flood hazard areas was taken from two sources. The first was the National Flood Insurance Rate Maps. The FIRM flood zones are shown on Map 3 in Appendix B. The second was discussions with local officials. The locally identified areas of flooding described below were identified by town staff as areas where flooding 29 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN occurs. These areas do not necessarily coincide with the flood zones from the FIRM maps. They may be areas that flood due to inadequate drainage systems or other local conditions rather than location within a flood zone. The numbers correspond to the numbers on Map 8, "Hazard Areas". The numbers do not reflect priority order. Saugus River Watershed Flood Hazard Areas Walkers Brook and its associated tributaries in southern Reading are the headwaters of the Saugus River in Wakefield. Flooding of property and roadways occur at numerous locations within the watershed and is caused by a combination of system capacity inadequacies and localized capacity deficiencies. A large portion of the basin lies in the moderately dense older portion of the town which affords little or no available land for storage or retention of flood waters. As planned improvements within Reading may impact communities downstream, the mitigation of flood damage to roadways and properties within the watershed is a true urban challenge making resolution of flooding in this watershed the town's highest priority. The town has recently appropriated $200,000 to perform a hydraulic and hydrological study of the watershed. The study will provide recommendations to alleviate flooding and to provide an extensive stormwater management plan for the basin. The individual flood hazard areas are as follows: Sunnyside and Fairview (#1) - There are six homes where severe flooding occurs within the properties and within Sunnyside Avenue. This flooding is due to system surcharges and capacity deficiencies of the drainage system. This neighborhood is in the middle third of one of the primary tributaries of the drainage basin. New Crossing at the DPW Garage (#2) -Flooding in this area affects New Crossing Road, the primary access to the DPW facility, the Fraen Corporation manufacturing facility and the adjacent office building and is therefore a high priority for the town. Both Walkers Brook and a tributary stream join downstream of the area causing flooding of New Crossing Road, adjacent to the Lowell Branch commuter rail and the Fraen site. Flooding has also occurred from the tributary stream over the southern end of the industrial park off Ash Street to the northeast of New Crossing Road. Newer development in this area has incorporated detention basins and infiltration systems but is in adequate in providing relief to the area. Track Road at Line Road (#3) - This area is within the lower reaches of the watershed and experiences backyard and basement flooding along several private properties. The stream banks are steep and unstable which results-in excessive erosion during periods of high stream flows. Two of the bridges within this neighborhood have been condemned due to structural deficiencies. Failure to modify the channel to effectively accept high flows and control erosion could result in the failure of the only remaining bridge due to scouring, with loss of access for this area. 30 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN South Main Street (#4) - Flooding in this area occurs along Main Street (Route 28), an adjacent apartment building and several businesses. Flooding occurs for a variety of reasons including undersized drains and culverts, excess impervious cover, lack of an area for detention and infiltration systems, accumulations of sediments and debris in stream channels and culverts that block flows. This is a high priority area because of the flooding of Route 28, a major arterial roadway. Brook and Ash Streets (45) - There are 3-4 houses that flood due to elevated levels of sediment within the adjacent wetland and drainage channel attributed to years of sediment accumulation from untreated roadway discharges. Morgan Park(96) - Flooding occurs upstream and downstream along the drainage channel. and wetlands adjacent to the Parker Middle School and affects homes on the northerly side of Woburn Street, easterly side of Temple Street and in Morgan Park. The town is planning to dredge the drainage channel this year to remove over 70 years of sedimentation. However, the dredging will provide no flood relief during moderate to severe storm events due to the downstream capacity deficiencies. Aberjona River Watershed Flood Hazard Areas This is the second highest priority area for the town. The town has allocated $75,000 to fund a study of drainage and flooding problems in this watershed. The town will be issuing an RFP in the spring of 2008. 150 West Street, Winslow Street, Keith-Glenmere-Garrett area (#7) - There are several houses that experience flooding because a majority of the neighborhood is in a low lying area. There is an undersized drainage channel and conduit system that runs along the rear lots and continues under Howard Street and Keith Road, and then northwesterly around Glenmere to Garrett and Munroe. The flooding is influenced by the undersized culvert and drainage channel and is compounded as the area is low lying, with wetlands and a high water table. Lowell Street at Intervale (#8) - There is one house and one business that experience backyard flooding. Willow Street/Austin Prep (0) - Flooding occurs on Willow Street, within rear yards of several homes along the easterly side of Willow Street and within low-lying portions of the Austin Prep School campus. The flooding is due to capacity deficiencies along the north branch of the Aberjona River. Main Street, Ridge Road, Waverly Road, Whittier Road, Tennyson Road and Birch Meadow Drive (#10) - The Church of the Nazarene and more than a dozen' homes experience property and basement flooding associated with streams and wetlands in this area. 31 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Milepost and Haystack (#11) - There are approximately five homes that experience property and occasional basement flooding. Recent re-development along Main Street, tributary to this area, is required to install detention facilities that will only provide minor improvements to the affected area. Pine Ridge/Cherry Hill (#12) - Flooding occurs in two areas, affecting approximately six houses. The flooding is caused by an undersized culvert system. Ipswich River Watershed Haverhill Street at the town line (#13) - This section of Haverhill Street is closed by floods from Bare Meadow Brook during all major storms. Haverhill Street is an arterial roadway and is the third highest priority for the town because of access issues. The most likely solution to flooding in this area would be to raise the roadway and construction of a new bridge. Water treatment plant (#14) - The town recently joined the MWRA and closed the water treatment plant located on the Ipswich River. The town is required to maintain the existing wells for an emergency supply. The area in the vicinity of the water treatment plant has experienced flooding in the past and the cessation of daily pumping may cause increased flooding of the area as well as the emergency pump station and chlorine feed facility necessary for the emergency well system connection. Other Flood Hazard Areas Hopkins Street (#15) - There is one house on this street that experiences chronic flooding from roadway drainage from Reading and Wakefield. The property floods multiple times per year and the property owner has previously taken legal action against a nearby apartment complex and the town. The town has recently increased the capacity of the apartment complexes' detention basin. However, the improvements will offer little improvements during severe storm events as runoff from Wakefield cannot be controlled locally without extensive drainage system replacement. Another potential mitigation measure would be for FEMA to purchase the property. Hunt Park (#16) This neighborhood consists of Osborne, Wilson, Elm; Green and Eaton Streets. The stream that flows through this area comes down through Memorial Park from north of Charles Street and enters Walkers Brook through the large floodplain in the vicinity of Lakeview Avenue. Several houses, parts of the park and several additional yards are affected by flooding. Street drains surcharge and this affects travel. Water Main Breaks The town has the normal number of water main breaks. The water department does have a program for regularly exercising the water main gates and valves. 32 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Repetitive Loss Properties There are no repetitive loss structures in Reading. As defined by the Community Rating System (CRS) of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), a repetitive loss property is any property which the NFIP has paid two or more flood claims of $1,000 or more in any given 10-year period since 1978. For more information on repetitive losses see http://www.fema.gov/business/nfip/replps.shtm. Existing Multi-Hazard Mitigation Measures There are several mitigation measures that address more than one hazard. These include the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), the Massachusetts State Building Code and participation in a local Emergency Planning Committee. Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) Every community in Massachusetts is required to have a Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. These plans address mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery from a variety of natural and man-made emergencies. These plans contain, important information regarding flooding, dam failures and winter storms. Therefore, the CEMP is a mitigation measure that is relevant to many of the hazards discussed in this plan. Enforcement of the State Building Code - The Massachusetts State Building Code contains many detailed regulations regarding wind loads, earthquake resistant design, flood-proofing and snow loads. Participation in the Mystic Region Emergency Management Planning Committee (LEPC) The Mystic Region LEPC serves as the LEPC for the following communities: Chelsea, Everett, Lynnfield; Malden, Medford, Melrose, North Reading, Reading, Revere, Saugus, Stoneham, Wakefield, Winchester, Winthrop and Woburn. Existing Flood Hazard Mitigation Measures and Compliance with NFIP Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) - The town of Reading participates in the NFIP. FEMA maintains a database on flood insurance policies and claims. This database can be found on the FEMA website at http://www.fema.gov/business/nfip/statistics/pcstat.shtm. The following information is provided for the Town of Reading. , Flood insurance policies in force (as of August 31, 2007 18 Coverage amount of flood insurance policies $3,262,000 Premiums paid $8,920 Total losses (all losses submitted regardless of the status) 13 Closed losses (Losses that have been aid) 10 Open losses (Losses that have not been paid in full) 0 CWOP losses ( Losses that have been closed without payment) 3 Total payments (Total amount aid on losses) $25,058.67 33 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Drainage Master Plan - The town is just starting on a comprehensive drainage, master plan. The last drainage study was done in 1970 and is outdated. The town has hired SEA as their consultant and will also be providing in-house services.. The consultant will be completing a map of the drainage system in Fiscal Year 2007. The second phase will be do identify problem areas and determine what is causing the problem. The third phase will be to develop a capital improvement plan to address the problem areas. The total project is approximately $250,000. Street sweeping - The town does most of its street sweeping in-house but hires a contractor in the spring to supplement the towns' efforts. The town has two vacuum sweepers which are ten years old and will eventually need to be replaced. Every street is swept once in the spring and other problem areas throughout the town are swept several times a year. Catch basin cleaning - The town has an older Vac-All and a catch basin cleaning truck.. Every basin is cleaned every other year and all the work is done in-house. Stormwater utility - In 2007 the Town initiated a stormwater utility fee. All property owners receive a bill similar to their water and sewer bills. The fees go to a dedicated fund that the DPW may use for equipment and labor to maintain the drainage infrastructure. Roadway treatments - Because of the towns' reliance on groundwater, a salt and sand mix is used to treat the roads. Straight salt is used only when there are severe icing conditions. Otherwise, the town uses calcium chloride. The, use of sand contributes to siltation in streams and within culverts. Reading Zoning By-Laws Related to Flooding Establishment and Purpose of Districts - The zoning bylaw establishes three overlay districts that are relevant to hazard mitigation: the Flood Plain District, the Wetlands Protection District and the National Flood Insurance Flood Management District. Section 3.6.0 of the zoning bylaw states that the purpose of the Floodplain District is to "provide that land in the Town of Reading subject to seasonal or periodic flooding shall not be used for residence or other purposes in such a manner as to endanger the health or safety of the occupants thereof'. Section 3.6.1 describes the purposes of the Wetlands Protection District as follows: a. To provide that lands in the Town of Reading subject to seasonal or periodic flooding shall not be used for residence or other purposes in a manner as to endanger the health or safety of the occupants thereof, or the public generally or to burden the public with costs resulting from the unwise individual choices of land use; 34 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CREDITS This plan was prepared for the Town of Reading by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) under the direction of the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA) and"the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). The plan was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grant Program. MAPC Officers President: Vice President: Secretary: Treasurer: Executive Director: Credits Project Manager: Lead Project Planner: Mapping/GIS Services: Jay Ash Michelle Ciccolo Marilyn Contreas Grace S. Shepard Marc. D. Draisen Martin Pillsbury Joan Blaustein Allan Bishop, Tarin Comer and David dosReis Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Director: Don Boyce Department of Conservation and Recreation Commissioner: Rick Sullivan Town of Reading Engineering Department Town Engineer: George Zambouras READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1. Introduction 1 II. Community Profile 3 III. Public Participation 9 IV. Overview of Hazards and Vulnerability 11 V. Hazards and Existing Mitigation Measures 29 VI. Hazard Mitigation Goals and Objectives 43 VII. Potential Mitigation Measures 45 VIII. Regional and Inter-Community Considerations 55 IX. Plan Adoption and Maintenance 57 X. List of References 59 Appendix A Hazard Mapping 61 Appendix B Meeting Agendas 69 Appendix C Documentation of Public Meeting 75 Appendix D Documentation of Plan Adoption 77 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN s LIST OF TABLES AND MAPS Table # Table Page 1 1999 Land Use, in Reading i . 4 2 Attendance at the Reading Local Committee Meetings 10 3 Other Local Meetings 10 4 Attendance at the Public Meeting 10 S Disaster and Emergency Declarations for Middlesex County 11 6 Hazard Risks Summary 12 7 Relationship of Critical Infrastructure to Hazard Areas 16 8 Estimated Damages from Hurricanes 23 9 Estimated Damages from Earthquakes 24 10 Estimated Damages from Flooding 26 11 Relationship of Potential Development Parcels to Hazard. Areas 27 12 Existing Mitigation Measures 38 13 Potential Mitigation Measures 49 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN b. To protect water supplies; C. To assure the continuation of the natural flow patterns of the water courses within Reading and to preserve natural flood water storage areas so as to protect persons and property against the hazards of flood inundation. Site Plan Requirements - Section 4.3.3.5.1 b requires that all site plans show proposed storm water drainage facilities. Section c. requires that site plans show all wetlands and flood plain areas. The site plan must also be accompanied by drainage calculations performed by a registered engineer and storm drainage design must conform to the subdivision regulation and DEP storm water regulations. One of the criteria for site plan approval is that the plan must minimize the extent of storm water flow from the site. National Flood Insurance Flood Management District - The boundaries of this district are the boundaries of the National Flood Insurance Flood Management District and includes those areas designated as Zone A and Zone B on the FIRM maps. In this district, certain municipal recreation and water supply uses are allowed, as well as agriculture but no new. buildings may be erected. Other uses may be allowed by special permit if it can be proven that the land is not subject to flooding. Wetlands Protection District - This district allows outdoor recreation, conservation, agricultural uses and the creation of ponds. It allows the removal of silt and other debris that may be interfering with_the natural flow of water. Dam Failures There are no dams in Reading. Wind-Related Hazards There was a tropical storm that tracked through Reading in 1861.This storm track is shown on Map 5 in Appendix B. A' hurricane or storm track is the line that delineates the path of the eye of a hurricane or tropical storm. The Town does experience the impacts of the wind and rain of hurricanes and tropical storms, regardless of the storm track. The hazard mapping indicates that the 100 year wind speed is 110 miles per hour. Tornadoes are extremely rare in this part of Massachusetts. No tornadoes have been recorded within the Town of Reading. Existing Wind Hazard Mitigation Measures Massachusetts State Building Code - The town enforces the Massachusetts State Building Code whose provisions are generally adequate to mitigate against most wind damage. The code's provisions are the most cost-effective mitigation measure against tornados given the extremely low probability of occurrence. If a tornado were to occur in Reading, damages would be extremely high due to the prevalence of older construction and the density of development. 35 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Tree-trimming program - The town has a three person crew with a brush grinder and a bucket truck. The crew does preventative maintenance and clean-up after storms. Winter-Related Hazards Winter hazards include regular snowfalls and blizzards. The average annual snowfall for the majority of the town is 48.1 - 72.0 inches. The most severe winter storm was the blizzard of 1978. Existing Winter Hazard Mitigation Measures Snow disposal - Because there is no dense downtown, there are very few areas where the town needs to haul snow away. There are certain bad intersections where the town will remove snow banks. The snow is then disposed of at the yard waste recycling facility or the DPW yard. Existing Winter-Storm Related Mitigation Measures Section 4.3.3.5.1 a requires that all site plans show areas for snow storage after plowing. Roadway treatments - Because of the towns' reliance on groundwater, a salt and sand mix is used to treat the roads. Straight salt is used only when there are severe icing conditions. Otherwise, the town uses calcium chloride.. The use of sand contributes to siltation in streams and within culverts. Fire-Related Hazards The Reading Fire Department responds to approximately 26 brush fires annually. None of these have been major in terms.of property damage and none have resulted in any deaths. Most brush fires are accidentally caused. The incidence, of brush fires is distributed throughout the town with only two areas with a higher frequency. North of Fairchild Drive (917) - This is a wooded area within a residential neighborhood.. Northeastern Reading (918) -This is a large wooded area east of Haverhill Street and abutting Lynnfield and North Reading. Existing Fire Hazard Mitigation Measures Permits required for outdoor burning- The Town allows outdoor burning but a permit is required. The resident must. go to the fire station and fill out a permit application. 36 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Subdivision review - The Fire Prevention Officer is involved in reviewing site plans for subdivisions to ensure that there is adequate access for fire trucks and an adequate water supply. -Geologic Hazards Most municipal officials acknowledged that earthquakes were the hazard for which their community was least prepared. There have been no recorded earthquake epicenters within the Town of Reading although residents may feel the tremors from one or more of the infrequent earthquakes recorded within the region. The entire town is classified as having a low risk for landslides. Information on earthquakes and landslides is shown on Map 4 in Appendix B. Although new construction under the most recent building codes generally will be built to seismic standards, much of the development in the town pre-dates the most recent building code. Massachusetts in general has a low risk for earthquakes. Existing Geologic Hazard Mitigation Measures Massachusetts State Building Code - The State Building Code contains a section on designing for earthquake loads (780 CMR 1612.0). Section 1612.1 states that the purpose of these provisions is "to minimize the hazard to life to occupants of all buildings and non-building structures, to increase the expected performance of higher occupancy structures as compared to ordinary structures, and to improve the capability of essential facilities to function during and after an earthquake". This section goes on to state that due to the complexity of seismic design, the criteria presented are the minimum considered to be "prudent and economically justified" for the protection of life safety. The code also states that absolute safety and prevention of damage, even in an earthquake event with a reasonable probability of occurrence, cannot be achieved economically for most buildings. Section 1612.2.5 sets-up seismic hazard exposure groups and assigns all buildings to one of these groups according to a Table 1612.2.5. Group 11 includes buildings which have a substantial public hazard due to occupancy or use and Group III are those buildings having essential facilities which are required for post-earthquake recovery, including fire, rescue and police stations, emergency rooms, power-generating facilities, and communications facilities. 37 z O d N a N z O d Q Lei 0 e~ H ~ w Z. m Z pm a ~z ° ~U o z z z o w ar orm ~ (z Z y U w bA O cd cd O ~ 't7 cn ~ rn -V) ti + . . U c O (U y C) O O . i ~ bq RS (u cn it - 4 1a ww w to O 3 c'd N N o O' O O C,3~ p 0 4- ~ S E 2 4 " 5 is o 0 0 0 d U F E~ H > bn O C o cri U E t7 -0 o 0 o 0 -0 'O O, 0 cu" a s ~ c 0 U. c co ~ 0 " w ~ tr W o T a U a C . p cC! O o v V) ~ U ~ 'c o ~ En ~ .2 C. r 03 cn r. x w 42' .2 Z '-i= u ~ > 7B. cz L= 0 ~ _ Q ® W W H Ems- o U a~ ° . . u G7 U O Eri ~ O v~ V) U La an b z W n - O ~a c l W .a v Q" bo O Ow E-a FL E cn ~ V) u L. (D H U a aW M READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 12 Existing Mitigation Measures Type of Existing Protection Description Area Effectiveness Improvements/ Covered /Enforcement Changes Needed FLOOD RELATED IUZARDS Drainage Master Plan The town has begun a Town-wide. Study is currently Study is currently comprehensive drainage master underway. underway. plan. Participation in the National Flood The town participates in the Areas There are 18 Encourage all Insurance Program National Flood Insurance Program identified on policies in force. eligible and has adopted the effective FIRM the FIRM homeowners to maps. The town actively enforces maps obtain insurance. the floodplain regulations. Street sweeping Every street is swept once in the Town-wide. Effective. Equipment is old spring and other problem areas in and will need to town are swept several times a year. be replaced. Catch basin cleaning . Every basin is cleaned every other Town-wide. Effective. None. year. Roadway treatments Because of the town's reliance on Town-wide. Effective. None. groundwater, a mixture of salt and sand is used in winter. Zoning District: National Flood Insurance Zoning allows certain municipal Zone A and Effective. None. Flood Management District recreation and water supply uses Zone B on and agriculture but no new the FIRM buildings. Other uses may be maps. allowed by special permit if land is proven to not be subject to flooding. 39 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 12 Existing Mitigation Measures Type of Existing Protection Description Area Effectiveness Improvements/ Covered /Enforcement Changes Needed Floodplain District The purpose into ensure that land subject to seasonal or periodic flooding shall not be used for residences or iri other ways that endanger the health or safety of residents. Site Plan Section 4.3.3.5.1 (b) All site plans must show storm Town-wide. Effective. None. water drainage facilities as well as wetlands and. flood zones. Plans must show that development will minimize the extent of storm water flow from the site. Wetlands Protection Overlay District Allows outdoor recreation, Town-wide. Effective. None. conservation and agricultural uses. Allows the removal of silt and debris that interfere with the natural flow of water. DAM FAILURES There are no dams in Reading. 40 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 12 Existing Mitigation Measures Type of Existing Protection Description Area Covered Effectiveness /Enforcement Improvements/ Changes Needed WIND-RELATED HAZARDS - Massachusetts State Building Code The town enforces the Town-wide. Effective for most None. Massachusetts State Building Code. situations except severe storms Tree trimming program The town has a three person crew Town-wide. Effective. None. with a brush grinder and a bucket truck. The crew does preventative maintenance and clean-up after storms. WINTER-RELATED HAZARDS There are no specific measures beyond regular salting and sanding of the roads and local plowing. FIRE RELATED HAZARDS Permits required for outdoor burning Residents must obtain a permit by Town-wide. Effective. None. filling out an application at the fire station. Subdivision review The Fire Prevention Officer is Town-wide. Effective. None. involved in site plan review to ensure there is access for fire trucks and an adequate water supply. 41 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 12 Existing Mitigation Measures Type of Existing Protection Description Area Effectiveness Improvements/ Covered /Enforcement Changes Needed GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Massachusetts State Building Code The town enforces the state building Town-wide. Effective for most None. code: situations. 42 METRO BOSTON NORTH/WEST MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN THE READING ANNEX VI. HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The Reading Local Multiple Hazard Community Planning Team met on November 7, 2007. At that meeting, the members reviewed and discussed options for setting goals and objectives for the Multihazard Mitigation Plan The following nine goals and objectives resulted from that discussion and were endorsed by the team: 1. Prevent and reduce the loss of life, injury and property damages resulting from all major natural hazards.. 2. Identify and seek funding for measures to mitigate or eliminate each known significant flood hazard area. 3. Integrate hazard mitigation planning as an integral factor in all relevant municipal departments, committees and boards. • Ensure that all relevant municipal departments consider hazard mitigation in the course of carrying out their responsibilities. • Review zoning regulations to ensure that the ordinance incorporates all reasonable hazard mitigation provisions. • Ensure that all relevant municipal departments have the resources to continue to enforce codes and regulations related to hazard mitigation. 4. Prevent and reduce the damage to public infrastructure resulting from all hazards. Begin to assess the vulnerability of municipal buildings and infrastructure to damage from an earthquake. ' Maintain existing mitigation infrastructure in good condition. 5. Encourage the business community, major institutions and non-profits to work with the Town to develop, review and implement the hazard mitigation plan. 6. Work with surrounding communities, state, regional and federal agencies to ensure regional cooperation and solutions for hazards affecting multiple communities. • Continue to participate in the Mystic Region LEPC. 7. Ensure that future development meets federal, state and local standards for preventing and reducing the impacts of natural hazards. 8. Educate the public about natural hazards and mitigation measures that can be undertaken by property-owners. 43 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN VII. POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES What is hazard mitigation? Hazard mitigation means to permanently reduce or alleviate the losses of life, injuries and property resulting from natural and human-made hazards through long-term strategies. These long-term strategies include planning, policy changes, programs, projects and other activities. FEMA currently has three mitigation grant programs: the Hazards Mitigation Grant Program (HGMP), the Pre-Disaster Mitigation program (PDM), and the Flood Mitigation. Assistance (FMA) program. The three links below provide additional information on these programs. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/hmgp/index.shtm http://www.fema.gov/governm.ent/grant/12dm/index.shtm http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/fma/index.shtm Identification and Prioritization of Potential Mitigation Measures Process for Setting Priorities The decision on priorities was made at a meeting of the local committee. The method used was to reach consensus through discussion, rather than taking a vote. Priority setting was based on local knowledge of the hazard areas, cost information and an assessment of benefits. MAPC staff attended a Benefit-Cost Analysis Training Course on October 31-November 1, 2005 and a workshop on project development on October 23, 2007. Information from these two training workshops was shared with local officials when MAPC made a Power Point presentation at the June 26, 2008 meeting of the Metro Boston North/West Multi- Hazard Mitigation Community Planning Team: This was done in order to help local officials understand the role of a benefit/cost analysis in developing and evaluating potential mitigation projects and to provide guidance concerning project development. Based on information gained from the Benefit-Cost Analysis training and a review of the STAPLEE criteria (a checklist for evaluating social, technical, administrative, political, legal, economic and environmental issues) MAPC instructed town staff to take into consideration factors such as the number of homes and businesses affected, whether or not road closures occurred and what impact closures had on delivery of emergency services and the local economy, anticipated project costs, whether the town had the technical and administrative capability to carry out the mitigation measures, whether any environmental constraints existed, and whether the town would be able to justify the costs relative to the anticipated benefits. 45 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN HiLFh Prioritv Mitigation Measures Potential Flood Hazard Mitigation Measures The town is in the process of funding two drainage studies. The sum of $200,000 has been appropriated for a hydraulic and hydrological study, of the Saugus River watershed and $75,000 has been allocated for a study of the Aberjona River watershed. The town believes that it would be prudent to wait for the recommendations from these studies . before identifying specific projects to be implemented in the future. Upon completion of these studies, the town will be in a better position to select potentially fundable projects to move forward with. The town has identified the entire Saugus River watershed as the highest priority for action and the Aberjona River watershed as the second highest priority. Within those watersheds, certain specific flood hazard areas are particularly of concern because of access issues. Specific flood mitigation areas include the following: 1. Sunnyside and Fairview - This area will be included in the Saugus River watershed study. 2. New Crossing at the DPW Garage - This is a high priority for the town because it impacts access to the DPW facility. 3. Track Road at Line Road - This is a critical area because, of the possibility of flood damage to -the only remaining bridge in this area. 4. South Main Street - This is a high priority area because of flooding on a major arterial, Route 28. 5. Brook and Ash Streets - This area could benefit from the removal of sediments in the drainage channel 6. Morgan Park - The town will be dredging the drainage channel to remove years of accumulated sediment. This is likely to improve flooding from smaller storms only. 7. 150 West Street - This area has an undersized culvert and drainage channel which may need to be upgraded. 8. Lowell Street at Intervale 9. Willow StreetlAustin Prep 10. Main Street (Church of the Nazarene) and neighboring streets. 11. Milepost and Haystack 46 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 12. Pine RidgelCherry Hill 13 Haverhill Street at the town line Potential Brush Fire Mitigation Measures 14 Additional fir fighting equipment - The Fire Department has identified the following equipment needs for fighting brush fires: lightweight hose and portable small pumps for pickup trucks. Measures to Ensure Compliance with NFIP 15. Local Bylaws and Regulations Review and revise local bylaws and regulations on storm water and floodplains. 16. Land Acquisition /Protection of Open Space - Protection of open space is important to ensure future development does not increase flooding. The town should continue its efforts for open space,purchases and negotiate conservation restrictions and easements Medium Priority Mitigation Measures Additional potential flood mitigation areas that will be evaluated in the town's two drainage studies that were given a medium priority by the local team include: 17. Hopkins Street 18. Hunt Park As with the high priority area, when the drainage studies are completed the town will evaluate which specific mitigation projects to pursue for implementation. Introduction to Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures (Table 13) Description of the Mitigation Measure - The description of each mitigation measure is brief and cost information is given only if cost data were already available from the community. The cost data represent a point in time and would need to be adjusted for inflation and for any changes or refinements in the design of a particular mitigation , measure. Priority - The designation of high, medium or low priority was done at the meeting of the Local Multiple Hazard Community Planning Team meeting. . In determining project ' priorities, the local team considered potential benefits and project costs. The designations reflect discussion and a general consensus developed at the meeting but could change as conditions in the community change. 47 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Implementation Responsibility - The designation of implementation responsibility was done by MAPC based on a general knowledge of what each municipal department is responsible for. It is likely that most mitigation measures will require that several departments work together and assigning staff is the sole responsibility of the governing body of each community. Time Frame - The time frame was based on a combination of the priority for that measure, the complexity of the measure and whether or not the measure is conceptual, in design, or already designed and awaiting funding. Because the time frame for this plan is five years, the timing for all mitigation measures has been kept within this framework. The identification of a likely time frame is not meant to constrain a community from taking advantage of funding opportunities as they arise. Potential Funding Sources - This column attempts to identify the most likely sources of funding for a specific measure. The information on potential funding sources in this table is preliminary and varies depending on a number of factors. These factors include whether or not a mitigation measure has been studied, evaluated or designed or is still in the conceptual stages. MEMA and DCR assisted MAPC in reviewing the potential eligibility for hazard mitigation funding. Each grant program and agency has specific. eligibility requirements that would need to be taken into consideration. In most instances, the measure will require a number of different funding sources. Identification of a potential funding source in this table does not guarantee that a project will be eligible for, or selected for funding. Upon adoption of this plan, the local committee responsible for its implementation should begin to explore the funding.sources in more detail. Additional information on funding; sources - The best way to determine eligibility for a particular funding source is to review the project with a staff person at the funding agency. The following websites provide an overview of programs and funding sources. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) - The website for the North Atlantic district office is http://www.nae.usace.army.mil/. The ACOE provides assistance-in a number of types of projects including shoreline/streambank protection, flood damage reduction, flood plain management services and planning services. Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA)- The grants page http://www.mass.gov/dem/programs/mitigate/grants.htm has a useful table that compares eligible projects for the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program and the Flood Mitigation Assistance Program. United States Department of Agriculture - The USDA has programs by which communities can get grants for fire fighting needs.. See the link below for some example. http://www.rurdev.usda.-gov/rd/newsroom/2002/cfq.html 48 METRO BOSTON NORTHIWEST MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN THE READING ANNEX Table 13 Potential Mitigation Measures Hazard Areal Implementation Estimated 7 Potential Miti ation Measure Priori Responsibility Time Frame Cost Funding Sources High Priori Miti a tion Measures 1. Sunnyside and First highest DPW Scheduling to be. Solutions will be Town funds; Fairview priority addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. following the Saugus River completion of the drainage study. Saugus River drainage study. 2. New Crossing at the First highest DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will. be Town funds; DPW Garage priority addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. following the Saugus River completion of the drainage study. Saugus River drainage study.. 3. Track Road at Line First highest DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; Road priority addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. following the Saugus River completion of the drainage study. Saugus River drainage study. 4. South Main Street First highest DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; priority addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. following the Saugus River completion of the drainage study. Saugus River drainage study. 49 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 13 Potential Mitigation Measures Hazard Area/ Implementation Estimated Potential Mitigation Measure Priori -Res onsibili Time Frame Cost Funding Sources 5. Brook and Ash Street First highest DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; priority addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. following the Saugus River completion of the drainage study. Saugus River drainage study. 6. Morgan Park First highest DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; priority addressed identified as part of. FEMA grants. following the Saugus River completion of the drainage study. Saugus River drainage study. 7. 150 West Street and Second DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; surrounding streets highest addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. priority following the Aberjona River completion of the drainage study. Aberjona River drainage study. 8. Lowell Street at Second DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; Intervale highest addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. priority following the Aberjona River completion of the drainage study. Aberjona River drainage study. 50 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 13 Potential Mitigation Measures Hazard Area/ Implementation Estimated. Potential Mitigation Measure Priori Responsibility Time Frame Cost Funding Sources 9. Willow Street/Austin Second DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will-be Town funds; Prep highest addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. priority following the Aberjona River completion of the drainage study. Aberjona River drainage study. 10. Main Street (Church Second DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; of the Nazarene) and highest addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. neighboring streets. priority. following the Aberjona River completion of the drainage study. Aberjona River drainage study. I I.Milepost and Second DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; Haystack highest addressed identified as part of FEMA grants. priority. following the Aberjona River completion of the drainage study. Aberjona River drainage study. 12. Pine Ridge/Cherry Second DPW Scheduling to be Solutions will be Town funds; Hill highest addressed' identified as part of FEMA grants. priority following the Aberjona River completion of the drainage study. Aberjona River drainage study. 51 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 13 Potential Mitigation Measures Hazard Area/' Implementation Estimated Potential Mitigation Measure Priori Responsibility Time Frame Cost Funding Sources 13 Haverhill Street at Third highest DPW Beyond the five To be determined. Town funds; the town line priority. year time frame for FEMA grants. this plan. 14. Brush Fires - High DPW Beyond the five To be determined. Town funds; Additional firefighting year time frame for FEMA grants. equipment (lightweight this plan. hose and portable small pumps) Measures to Ensure " Com liance with NFIP 15. Review and revise Medium/NFIP Planning / Medium Term Town Staff or Town, EOEEA or local bylaws and Conservation / consultant (cost DEP Grants regulations on storm Engineering TBD) water and floodplains 16. Land Acquisition/ Medium/NFrP Conservation Ongoing and Long- Varies significantly Town, CPA funds, Protection of Open term from town staff time. EOEEA, gifts Space to $1 million or more to purchase land Medium Priori Mi ti ation Meas ures. 17. Hunt Park Medium DPW 2010 or_beyond. To be determined. Town funds; FEMA grants. 18. Hopkins Street Medium DPW 2010 or beyond. To be determined. Town funds; FEMA grants. 52 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Table 13 Potential Mitigation Measures Hazard Areal Implementation Estimated Potential Mitigation Measure Priori Res onsibili Time Frame Cost Funding Sources Low Priori Mitigation Measures 19. Water treatment Low DPW Beyond the five To be determined. Town funds; plant year time frame for FEMA grants. this plan. Abbreviations Used in Table 13 FEMA Mitigation Grants includes: FMA = Flood Mitigation Assistance Program. HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. PDM = Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program ACOE = Army Corps of Engineers. MHD = Massachusetts Highway Department. EOT = Executive Office of Transportation. DCR = Department of Conservation and Recreation DHSIEOPS = Department of Homeland Security/Emergency Operations EPA/DEP (SRF) = Environmental Protection Agency/Department of Environmental Protection (State Revolving Fund) USDA = United States Department of Agriculture 53 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN VIII. REGIONAL AND INTER-COMMUNITY CONSIDERATIONS Some. hazard mitigation issues are strictly local. The problem originates primarily within the municipality and can be solved at the municipal level. Other issues are inter- community issues that involve cooperation between two or. more municipalities. There is a third level of mitigation which is regional; involving a state, regional or federal agency or an issue that involves three or more municipalities. Regional Partners In many communities, mitigating natural hazards, particularly flooding, is more than a local issue. The drainage systems that serve these communities are a complex system of storm drains, roadway drainage structures,. pump stations and other facilities owned and operated by a wide array of agencies including but not limited to the Town of Reading, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), Massachusetts Highway Department (MHD) and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). The planning, construction, operations and maintenance of these structures are integral to the flood hazard mitigation efforts of communities. These agencies must be considered the communities regional partners in hazard mitigation. These agencies also operate under the same constraints as communities do including budgetary and staffing constraints and numerous competing priorities. In the sections that follow, the plan includes recommendations for activities to be undertaken by these other agencies. Implementation of these recommendations will require that all parties work together to develop solutions. Regional Issues Saugus River Watershed - The Town of Reading recognizes that planned improvements within Reading may impact communities downstream and therefore, the mitigation of flood damage to roadways and properties within the Saugus River watershed is a true urban challenge making resolution of flooding in this watershed the town's highest priority. 55 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN IX. PLAN ADOPTION AND MAINTENANCE Plan Adoption The Reading Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted by the Board of Selectmen on [ADD DATE]. See Appendix D for documentation. The plan,was approved by FEMA on [ADD DATE] for a five-year period that will expire on [ADD DATE]. Plan Maintenance MAPC worked with the Reading Hazard Mitigation Planning Team to prepare this plan This group will continue to meet on an as-needed basis to function as the Local Hazard Mitigation. Implementation Team, with one town official designated as the coordinator. Additional members could be added to the local implementation group from businesses, non-profits and institutions. Implementation Schedule Bi-Annual Survey on Progress- The coordinator of the Local Hazard Mitigation Implementation Team will prepare and distribute a biannual survey in years two and four of the plan. The survey will be distributed to all of the local implementation team members and other interested local stakeholders. The survey will poll the members on any changes or revisions to the plan that may be needed, progress and accomplishments for implementation, and any new hazards or problem areas that have been identified. This information will be used to prepare a report or addendum to the Reading Hazard Mitigation Plan. The Local. Hazard Mitigation Implementation Team will have primary responsibility for tracking progress and updating the plan. Develop a Year Four Update - At the beginning of the fourth year after plan adoption, the coordinator of the Local Hazard Mitigation Implementation Team will convene the team to begin to prepare for an update of the plan, which will be required by the end of year five in order to maintain the town's approved plan status with FEMA. The team will use the information from the year four biannual review to identify the needs and priorities for the plan update. Prepare and Adopt an Updated Local Hazard Mitigation Plan - FEMA's approval of this plan is valid for five years; by which time an updated plan must be prepared and approved in order to maintain the town's approved plan status and its eligibility for FEMA mitigation grants. Because of the lead time required to secure a planning grant, prepare an updated plan, and complete the approval and adoption of an updated plan, the local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team should begin the process at the beginning of Year 4. This will help the town avoid a lapse in its approved plan status and grant eligibility when the current plan expires. At this point, the Local Hazard Mitigation Implementation Team may decide to undertake the update themselves, contract with the Metropolitan Area Planning Council. 57 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN to update the plan or to hire another consultant. However the Hazard Mitigation Implementation Team decides to update the plan, the group will need to review the current FEMA hazard mitigation plan guidelines for any changes. The update of the Reading Hazard Mitigation Plan will be forwarded to MEMA and DCR for review and to FEMA for approval. Integration of the Plans with Other Planning Initiatives Upon approval of the Reading Hazard Mitigation Plan by FEMA, the Local Hazard Mitigation Implementation Team will provide all interested parties and implementing departments with a copy of the plan and will initiate a discussion regarding how the plan can be integrated into that department's ongoing work. At a minimum, the plan will be reviewed and discussed with the following departments: Police Department Fire Department Emergency Management Engineering Department Highway Department Department of Public Works Parks-and Recreation Department Planning and Community Development Department Conservation Commission Board of Health The actions in the hazard mitigation plan will be incorporated into the town's Capital Improvement Plan and departmental budgets. The actions will also be incorporated into the Community Development Plan and Open Space Plan where relevant. Hazard mitigation concerns are already included in the zoning ordinance as described on Page 32-33. Other groups that will be coordinated with include large institutions (hospitals, colleges), Chambers of Commerce, land conservation organizations and watershed groups. The plans will also be posted on a community's website with the caveat that the local coordinator will review the plan for sensitive information that would be inappropriate for public posting. The posting of the plan on a web site will include a mechanism for citizen feedback such as an e-mail address to send comments. 58 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN X. LIST OF REFERENCES In addition to the specific reports listed below, much of the technical information for this annex came from meetings with town department heads and staff. Town of Reading Zoning Bylaws, February, 2005. Town of Reading, MA 2005 Master Plan Town of Reading General Bylaws, Amended through February, 2006. HAZUS-MH: Earthquake Event Report. HAZUS-MH Hurricane Event Report. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, MacConnell Land Use Statistics, 1999. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Rate Maps for Reading, MA MA Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Buildout Analysis for Reading, MA 2000 Metropolitan Area Planning Council, Geographic Information Systems Lab Metropolitan Area Planning Council, Regional Plans and Data 59 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN APPENDIX A HAZARD MAPPING The MAPC GIS (Geographic Information Systems) Lab produced a series of maps for each community. Some of the data came from the Northeast States Emergency Consortium (NESEC). More information on NESEC can be found at http://www.serve.com/NESEC/. Due to the various sources for the data and varying levels of accuracy, the identification of an area'as being in one of the hazard categories must be considered as a general classification that should always be supplemented with more local knowledge. The documentation for some of the hazard maps was incomplete as well. The map series consists of four panels with two maps each plus one map taken from the State Hazard Mitigation Plan. Ma 1. Population Density Map 2. Potential Development Map 3. Flood Zones Ma 4. - Earthquakes and Landslides Ma 5. Hurricanes and Tornadoes Ma 6. Average Snowfall Map 7. Composite Natural Hazards Map 8. Hazard Areas Mapl: Population Density - This map uses the US Census block data for 2000 and shows population density as the number of people per acre in seven categories with 60 or more people per acre representing the highest density areas. Map 2: Potential Development - This map shows potential future developments, and critical infrastructure sites. MAPC consulted with town staff to determine areas that were likely to be developed or redeveloped in the future. Map 3: Flood Zones - The map of flood zones used the FEMA Q3 Flood Zones as its source. For more information, refer to http://www.fema.gov/fhm/fq_g3.shtm. The definitions of the flood zones are described in Appendix III and in more detail at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/fq_term.shtm. The flood zone map for each community also shows critical infrastructure and municipally owned and protected open space. Map 4: Earthquakes and Landslides - This information came from NESEC. For most communities, there was no data for earthquakes because only the epicenters of an earthquake are mapped. 61 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN The landslide information shows areas with either a low susceptibility or a moderate susceptibility to landslides based on mapping of geological formations. This mapping is highly general in nature. For more information on how landslide susceptibility was mapped, refer to http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pl 183/ppl 183.html. Map S: Hurricanes and Tornadoes - This map shows a number of different items. The map includes the storm tracks for both hurricanes and tropical storms. This information must be viewed in context. A storm track only shows where the eye of the storm passed through. In most cases, the effects of the wind and rain from these storms were felt in other communities even if the track was not within that community. This map also shows the location of tornadoes with a classification as to the level of damages. What appears on the map varies by community since not all communities experience the same wind- related events. These maps also show the 100 year wind speed and hurricane surge areas. Hurricane storm surge is an abnormal rise in sea level accompanying a hurricane or other intense storm. Along a coastline a hurricane will cause waves on top of the surge. Hurricane Surge is estimated with the use of a computer model called SLOSH. SLOSH stands for Sea Lake and Overland Surge from Hurricanes. The SLOSH models are . created and run by the National Hurricane Center. The SLOSH model results are merged with ground elevation data to determine areas that will be subject to flooding from various categories of hurricanes. Hurricane categories are defined by the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Appendix 17V contains a description of the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Map 6. Average Snowfall - - This map shows the average snowfall and open space. It also shows storm tracks for nor'easters, if any storms tracked through the community. Map 7: Composite Natural Hazards - This map shows four categories of composite natural hazards for areas of existing development. The hazards included in this map are 100 year wind speeds of 110 mph or higher, low and moderate landslide risk, FEMA Q3 flood zones (100 year and 500 year) and hurricane surge inundation areas. Areas with only one hazard were considered to be low hazard areas. Moderate areas have two of the hazards present. High hazard areas have three hazards present and severe hazard areas have four hazards present. Map 8: Hazard Areas - For each community, locally identified hazard areas are overlaid on an aerial photograph dated April, 2001. The critical infrastructure sites are also shown. The source of the aerial photograph is Mass GIS. 62 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN moo„ r- p I-T I ;y a ? -z a 'AL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SITES 11 Do t' S Sda Raa&rTnmp~ tian - Cotes 3'r3ats: - ~+r~~ Jixautu 1 63 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN hi9P FLOiOI) Zo-NES f`E, _1 THQLAKES _ -7ND L ADS DES hiA° A . J C 1 r; - - J/ U3 ty E` F V e Ff t { lv- 1 F'\ AN" t- ILL. 31 r j J i r ~ jj c F~✓ VKII J i ~.-R..d Zones i n-tm~ I ..j ~ L-&id:s Sdes Etondst;;znsportaCOn awl Earfhgmte c t _ w - e sec CRITICAL UNFRASTRUCT13RE SITES - ~ _ ~ - ~ ~ - + L 'M~z{u~Tan~m..sta mnu tn't _ 64 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Hi RIC ES 1D TaI2i ADO S "'ERAGE'SNONATALL J Y t o f ~ S r / ~ F ti 1, V ti f 1 ~ ~`V 'i' ~ ~ }r' ~ ~ - ~ j +y r ~ ~L1 z~] '~J is 1 . II t ! 1 ~ ~ ,~Y 3 t't \ ~ P' ~ ~ i ~ r II ~ .1/ 1 ` - 1 t ♦ Y. 3'3 LLL i Oil, Zs- Smm lrx&L '.,1- rl f - t ~ I < 7 1 ,l -4 T9tEidOt3 ~ I Y^ i ~ ~ e Stt3~~ILCGfI s l n t mSt r SAGS Roxd5 f Tr=Tortada* wu a C : _ - a x:c Hyam CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SITES t :zr ~i - - _ - - a _ T . 1: ~ t~._~ ern. l i'✓ ~ f-~~yrf _ _t}-~ Ji 65 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN collPosrrF- \,~TT-RATIHA7kRDS ice' x.A, z ~xv A-uE A 777-1, 6, Z f ~fi Ca~arittSatcrai 7 a-rd >rv:.mn•• 5 ~ f t c ~ iwz ~ Y x r-L Hid ~~y Rnads rTran:paaafiac a Gc-al ~Faaae`s5m -.ecaE Hsdm - L.m2ai Gac3:ias as CRITICAL LNTRASTRUCTURE SITES 67 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN APPENDIX B MEETING AGENDAS NORTH SUBURBAN REGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION COMMUNITY PLANNING TEAM AND READING LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM 69 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ~ i'€ MITT ROMNEY, GOVERNOR Cristine McCombs Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Director 400 WORCESTER ROAD, FRAMINGHAM, MA 01702-5399 508-820-2000 FAX 508-820=1404 ,Department of Conservation and Recreation 251 CAUSEWAY STREET, SUITE 600-900, BOSTON, MA 02114-2104 617-626-1250 FAX 617-626-1351 Metropolitan Area Planning Council 60 TEMPLE PLACE, 6TH FLOOR, BOSTON, MA 02111 617-451-2770 FAX 617-482-7185 Stephen H. Burrnngton COMMISSIONER North Suburban Hazard Mitigation Community Planning Team First Meeting WEDNESDAY, JULY 26, 2006, 9:30 AM MAPC Community Room Marc D. Draisen Wakefield. Public Safety Building Executive Director 1 Union Street, Wakefield, MA AGENDA METRO NORTHWEST PRE-DISASTER MTITGATIONON PLAN 9:30 WELCOME Et INTRODUCTIONS (Please sign contact sheet 9:45 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL DISASTER MITIGATION ACT a NORTH SUBURBAN PRE-DISASTER MITIGATION PLANNING Burlington Presentation, Questions Et Discussion e --Martin Pillsbury, Manager of Regional Planning, MAPC Read ing g ead Stoneham 10:15 GETTING STARTED: THE METRO NORTHWEST PRE-DISASTER Wakefield MITIGATION PLAN - NORTH SUBURBAN SUBREGION Wilmington Woburn Review of Scope of Work It Schedule Joan Blaustein, MAPC Senior Planner • Questions Et Discussion - Local Issues Et Priorities 11:00 PREVIEW OF MAPPING AND DATABASES FOR THE PLAN • Examples from the North Shore Et Metro Boston PDM Plans --Alan Bishop, GIS Manager, MAPC 11:20 NEXT STEPS / MEETING SCHEDULE 70 METRO BOSTON NORTHWEST MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN THE READING ANNEX The Commonwealth of Massachusetts DEVAL PATRICK, GOVERNOR Ken McBride Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency acting Director 400 WORCESTER ROAD, FRAMINGHAM, MA 01702-5399 508-820-2000 FAX 508-820-1404 Department of Conservation and Recreation 251 CAUSEWAY STREET, SUITE 600-900, BOSTON, MA 02114-2104 617-626-1250 FAX 617-626-135 Metropolitan Area Planning Council 60 TEMPLE PLACE, 6TH FLOOR, BOSTON, MA 02111 617-451-2770 FAX 617-482-7185 Priscilla E. Geigis ACTING COMMISSIONER North Suburban Hazard Mitigation Community Planning Team Second Regional Meeting MAPC WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 2007, 930 AM Marc D. Draisen Wakefield Public Safety Budding Executive Director 1 Union Street, Wakefield, MA METRO NORTHWEST HAZARD MITIGATION 9:30 WELCOME, INTRODUCTIONS It OVERVIEW OF AGENDA PLAN Martin Pillsbury, Project Manager NORTH SUBURBAN 9:40 REVIEW OF HAZARD MAPPING AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Burlington DATA COLLECTION Lynnfield Read Readiing g • Allan Bishop, GIS Manager, will present the draft regional hazard map and a sample community map, Wakefield Stoneham • Draft local hazard maps will be distributed on CD ROM to all towns Wa Wilmington • Update on Critical Facilities data base and process for local review Woburn and QA/QC of draft hazard maps and data 10:30 UPDATE ON LOCAL PLANS • Joan Blaustein will discuss local and regional issues emerging in the planning process • Review next steps in mapping localized hazard areas • Martin Pillsbury will review plan approval requirements 10:45 QUESTIONS AND DISCSSION WITH TEAM MEMBERS 11:00 NEXT STEPS / MEETING SCHEDULE / ADJOURN 71 METRO BOSTON NORTHWEST MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN THE READING ANNEX The Commonwealth of Massachusetts i DEVAL PATRICK, GOVERNOR Dan Boyce Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Director 400 WORCESTER ROAD, FRAMINGHAM, MA 01702-5399 508-820-2000 FAX 508-820-1404 Department of Conservation and Recreation 251 CAUSEWAY STREET, SUITE 600-900, BOSTON, MA 02114-2104 617=626-1250 FAX 617-626-1351 Metropolitan Area Planning Council 60 TEMPLE PLACE, 6TH FLOOR, BOSTON, MA 02111 617-451-2770 FAX 617-482-7185 Richard Sullivan COMMISSIONER North Suburban, Hazard Mitigation Community Planning Team Iv1A P~ THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 20077 9:30 AM Wakefield Public Safety Building Marc D. Draisen Executive Director 1 Union Street, Wakefield, MA 9:30 WELCOME, INTRODUCTIONS Et OVERVIEW OF AGENDA • Martin Pillsbury, Project Manager METRO NORTHWEST HAZARD MITIGATION 9:40 REVIEW OF HAZARD MAPPING AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN DATA COLLECTION NORTH SUBURBAN • Allan Bishop, GIS Manager, will present the final regional hazard Burlington maps and an example set of community maps Lynnfield • Final hazard maps and Critical Facilities data bases will be distributed Reading to all towns (hard copy and on CD-ROM) Stoneham Wakefield 10:00 UPDATE ON LOCAL PLANS Wilmington • Update on local PDM annexes (Joan Blaustein) Woburn Review of next steps for plan completion, review, and approval 10:15 REGIONAL ISSUES IN THE PDM PLAN • Facilitated discussion to identify and prioritize key regional issues that should be included in the Regional PDM Plan for North Suburban 10:35 BRIEFING ON FEMA TRAINING FOR PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 11:00 NEXT STEPS / MEETING SCHEDULE / ADJOURN 72 READING HAZARD'MITIGATION PLAN The Commonwealth of Massachusetts DEVAL PATRICK, GOVERNOR Dan Boyce. Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Director 400 WORCESTER ROAD, FRAMINGHAM, MA 01702-5399 508-820-2000 FAX 508-820-1404 Department of Conservation and Recreation 251 CAUSEWAY STREET, SUITE 600-900, BOSTON, MA 02114-2104 617-626-1250 FAX 617-626-1351 Metropolitan Area Planning Council 60 TEMPLE PLACE, 6TH FLOOR, BOSTON, MA 02111 617-451-2770 FAX 617-482-7185 Richard Sullivan COMMISSIONER North Suburban Hazard.Mitigation Community Planning Team MAPC' THURSDAY, JUNE 267 2008, 10:00 AM Community Room Marc D. rQ1Sen Executive Director Wakefield Public Safety Building. METRONORTHiwEST 1 Union Street, Wakefield, MA HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 10:00 WELCOME a INTRODUCTIONS (Please sign contact sheet) 10:05 REVIEW OF THE REGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION MAP SERIES NORTH SUBURBAN Martin Pillsbury will present an overview of the regional Burlington Hazard Mitigation maps (copies will be distributed on CD-ROM) Lynnrfeld Reading 10:25 REGIONAL GOALS AND OBACTIVES, ISSUES, RECOMMENDATIONS Stoneham Wakefield Martin Pillsbury will review the draft goals and objectives for the Wilmington Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Joan Blaustein will facilitate a Woburn discussion of the regional issues and recommendations for the plan. 11:00 OVERVIEW OF FEMA BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS FOR GRANTS Joan Blaustein will present an overview of FEMA's requirements for Benefit-Cost Analysis for grant applications for mitigation projects. 11:25 REVIEW OF NEXT STEPS: • Complete remaining local annexes and public meetings Plan review and approval by MEMA Et FEMA • Plan Adoption by the towns (Selectmen/City Council) • Final Approval letter issued by FEMA 73 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN The Reading Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Team November 7, 2007 Reading Town Hall 9:00 - 10:30 AM 1. Welcome and introductions 2. Review of grant scope of work and progress to date 3. Maps and critical infrastructure 4. Review aerial photograph showing natural hazard areas and future development 5. Develop goals and objectives 6. Discuss potential mitigation measures 7. Next steps 74 READING HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN TOWN OF READING NOTICE OF MEETING - BOARD OF SELECTMEN DATE: August 5, 2008 CALL TO ORDER: 7:00 p.m. PLACE: Selectmen's Meeting Room 16 Lowell Street, Reading, Massachusetts OFFICE HOURS - Richard Schubert 6:30 1) Executive Session 7:00 a. Labor Negotiations b. Approval of Minutes June 3, 2008 2) Reports and Comments a. Selectmen's Liaison Reports and Comments b. Public Comment C. Town Manager's/Assistant Town Manager's Report 3) Proclamations/Certificates.of Appreciation 4) Personnel & Appointments 5) Discussion/Action Items a. Highlights - RCTV 7:30 b. Presentation of Hazard Mitigation Plan - MAPC 8:00 C. Approval of Alley Way Agreements 8:30 d. Update - Downtown 8:45 e. Close Warrant for State Primary Election f. Review Action Status Reports 6) App.roval'of Minutes a. June 3, 2008 b. July 29, 2008 7) Licenses, Permits and Approvals a. Special Three Day License issued to Meadow Brook Social Committee for sale of all alcoholic beverages for a Summer Social on August 2, 2008 b. Special Three Day License issued to Meadow Brook Social Committee for sale of all alcoholic beverages for a Police Department Summer Party on August 23, 2008 76